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DR. LINGWOOD:
      This is a slide borrowed from Brett Finlay in Vancouver showing the bacteria on top of this pedestal which is full of actin. So there's actin polymerized within this pedestal and there's a complex mechanism of molecular events that result in this.
      But one of the things that it might well do is permit the direct passage of the verotoxin through this intimate contact, here. And also this kind of interaction compromises the barrier function of the cells. The cells become less well tucked together. So it might actually allow the passage of toxin between cells. These are all unknown factors, but it's a fascinating property.
      But not all bacteria that cause HUS will do this. So it's not obligatory, but may be a risk factor.
      I told you one of the initial factors that the bacteria attach to; it's called the bundle forming pillus attaches down on the epithelial cell. And we've shown that the intact organism, and also the bundle forming pilus itself binds to this structure, here. The method's called TLC, where we separate species on this plate, the lipids migrate and separate up the plate, and then we overlay with whatever we choose and see where it binds.




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