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DR. LINGWOOD:
      And this is perhaps more a conventional section. These are the villi, and you can see staining here in the crypts. Well, if you want to come up closer, you can see staining at the base of these villi. And what I've learned from my collaborators in Edinburgh in Scotland just this last week is that they've taken some bovine colon and treated it with verotoxin and then examined this area of the epithelium and found that it caused, within 12 hours, a marked increase of these primitive cells.
      So what happens is the cells are primitive, here, they differentiate and move along the villus and are shed out here. So the cells early in the differentiation of the epithelium of the colon express the receptor and are stimulated to grow by verotoxin.
      And what that means in terms of pathology, in terms of colonization, we have yet to establish, but it establishes a new effect for verotoxin and a new perspective on the reservoir, the bovine host.




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