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DR. BRANDT:
      Are there predictors during HUS that would identify children at risk for long term problems? Those at presentation with elevated white blood cell counts greater than 20,000 were more likely to have renal sequelae years later. Those with prolonged duration of low urine output (oliguria or anuria) or no urine output, or a long time on dialysis. And those with severe tissue damage on a biopsy had increased risk.
      These findings are probably all measuring similar things. They're measuring patients with more severe HUS and so probably more severe thrombotic microangioapathy and scarring. And then in biopsy studies, children with extensive thrombotic microangiopathy involving more than 50 percent of the glomeruli or with cortical necrosis were more likely to have problems with long-term outcome.
      And those with a low GFR at two years or greater follow-up were more likely to have problems later on.




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