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DR. CORNEL:
      I think hypertension is the thing I would worry about most in the long term for these patients. It's so common and hypertension is there for a lifetime. If it is not controlled it will cause cardiac problems.
      We really have no idea what has happened to cardiac muscle in any surviving patient. I could find no reports of biopsy being done except one very unusual case from Toronto. That case showed evidence of a dilated cardiomyopathy that started late after the Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. I don't know what relevance or meaning that has for other patients but we cannot rule out the possibility that there is lasting myocardial injury from multifocal vascular injury from the TMA.
      I would think it highly surprising if there were not such an injury in most of these children.
      We also do not know if the verotoxin causes a myocarditis more directly. There's nothing that I could find in the literature to help with that.
      Even having said that there are all these concerns the cardiac prognosis for these children should be very good. But they all should be followed by cardiologists from time to time, I think, or at least that somebody should think about their heart.
      A problem with these children as with many of the complex conditions, including congenital hearts, is that they get followed by sub, sub, subspecialists, and nobody looks at the child. I am sure the nephrologists that are here are exceptions to that, of course. It is easy to look at the kidney and say the kidney's doing great or the brain or the heart or the left leg or whatever but nobody finds out how the kid is doing. And I think it's of serious concern.




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